Urgent transcatheter arterial embolization for the treatment of ruptured renal angiomyolipoma with spontaneous hemorrhage

BackgroundThe rich neovascularization of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) has a tendency for spontaneous rupture with subsequent hemorrhage. Nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery has rarely been used as a primary treatment in urgent situations.PurposeTo evaluate the safety and long-term outcomes for patients treated by urgent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for spontaneous ruptured renal AML with severe hemorrhage.Material and MethodsA retrospective evaluation was performed of 25 renal AML cases with spontaneous hemorrhage confirmed by imaging. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles and coils of multiple sizes were used to embolize the spontaneous renal AML ruptures.ResultsThe technical success rate of TAE was 96% (24/25). One week post-TAE, 1 patient with recurrent hemorrhage underwent emergency nephrectomy. Minor complications affected 16 patients with post-embolization syndrome; 15 patients resolved using conservative measures and one patient received nephrectomy post TAE 1 week later. All patients wer...