Multiple catalytic sites in MOF-based hybrid catalysts for organic reactions

Hybrid catalysis provides an effective pathway to improve the catalytic efficiency and simplify the synthesis operation, in which multiple catalytic sites are required. Catalysts with multiple functions based on/derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) receive growing attention for organic synthesis due to the wide variety and outstanding designability. This review provides an overview of significant advances in the field of organic reactions by MOF-based hybrid catalysts with emphasis on the multiple catalytic sites and their synergies, including inherent sites on host frameworks, sites of MOF composites and metal sites in/on MOF-derived hybrid catalysts.