The Spinal Accessory Nerve

Abstract Introduction: The 11th cranial nerve, the spinal accessory nerve, has a complex anatomy and shares a unique relationship with the cervical plexus. Herein, we review the morphology, embryology, surgical anatomy, and clinical manifestations of the spinal accessory nerve. Included in this review, we mention variant anatomy, molecular development, histology, and imaging of the spinal accessory nerve. Conclusions: The spinal accessory nerve continues to be a topic of much discussion regarding its exact function. Currently, we continue to learn and have much to learn about this lower cranial nerve.