The socioeconomic and biological risk factors for developmental delay in early childhood.

To investigate the biological and socioeconomic factors associated with developmental attainment in socio- economically disadvantaged children. This study was per- formed at the Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, between January and De- cember 2010. The effects of biological, socioeconomic risk factors on developmental delay were investigated in 692 children (3 months-5 years) using the Denver II. Low- level maternal education (odds ratio (OR), 11.118; 95 % CI, 4.211-29.351), low-level paternal education (OR, 2.107; 95 % CI, 1.333-3.331), low-level household income (OR, 2.673; 95 % CI, 1.098-2.549), and ≥3 children in the family (OR, 1.871; 95 % CI, 1.206-2.903) were strongly associated with abnormal on Denver II; biological risk factors, includ- ing birth weight, gestational age at birth, and maternal age at birth <20 years, were correlated with suspect on Denver II results based on univariate analysis. Low-level maternal education (OR, 6.281; 95 % CI, 2.193-17.989), premature birth (32-36 weeks of gestation; OR, 0.535; 95 % CI, 0.290-0.989) were strongly associated with abnormal on Denver II results, and low-level paternal education (OR, 3.088; 95 % CI, 1.521-6.268), low-level household income (OR, 1.813; 95 % CI, 1.069-3.077), low birth weight (<1,500 g; OR, 3.003; 95 % CI, 1.316-6.854), premature birth (27-31 weeks of gestation; OR, 2.612; 95 % CI, 1.086-6.286), and maternal age at birth <20 years (OR, 3.518; 95 % CI, 1.173-10.547) were strongly associated with suspect on Denver II results based on multivariate analysis. Conclusion Socioeconomic risk factors were observed to be as important as biological risk factors in the development of children aged 3 months-5 years.