Encefalomielitis Aguda Diseminada viral

2018 
Resumen La encefalomielitis aguda diseminada (EMAD) es un trastorno neurologico caracterizado por inflamacion del cerebro y medula espinal causada por un dano a la mielina, afectando al sistema nervioso central de manera difusa. Esta afeccion puede manifestarse de manera espontanea o secundaria a infecciones o a vacunacion. La mayoria de las veces evoluciona de manera monofasica con manifestaciones clinicas inespecificas, por lo que la sospecha diagnostica es fundamental. La EMAD es la causa mas frecuente de afectacion de sustancia blanca. La incidencia es mayor en la edad prepuberal con una incidencia de aproximadamente 0,2-0,4 casos/100000 habitantes ano. Tiene predominio estacional, siendo mas frecuente en los meses de invierno y primavera. Afecta mas a varones. A continuacion presentaremos nuestra experiencia con un caso sin diagnostico previo de esta excepcional y poco frecuente patologia el cual se convirtio en un reto diagnostico. Abstract Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ADEM is a neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain and spinal cord caused by damage to the myelin, affecting diffusely the central nervous system. This condition can appear spontaneously or secondary to infections or vaccination. Most of the time it evolves in a monophasic manner with nonspe- cific clinical manifestations, so that he diagnostic suspicion is fundamental. ADEM is the most frequent cause of white matter involvement. The incidence is higher in the prepubertal age with an incidence of approximately 0.2-0.4 cases / 100,000 inhabitants per year. It has a seasonal predominance, being more frequent in the winter and spring months. It affects more males. Below we present our experience with a case without previous diagnosis of this rare pathology which became a diagnostic challenge.
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