Traumatic Neurovascular Injury

Neurovascular injury can occur following a traumatic event to the head and neck or occur spontaneously. Injury can lead to intimal dissection, intramural hematoma, luminal thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm, or transection. CTA is the leading modality in BCVI screening, and the injury can be graded according to Biffl scale. It is important to distinguish BCVI from other entities such as vasospasm, atherosclerosis, or fibromuscular dysplasia as well as anatomic variants. Skull base fractures are associated with dural sinus injury.