Efecto de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (omega 3) sobre la agregación plaquetaria

Existen evidencias de que el consumo de pescados que contengan Omega 3, aportan proteccion cardiovascular. La American Heart Association (AHA) recomienda el consumo de 1 g/dia de Omega 3 para reducir el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares.Los acidos eicosapentanoico y docosahexanoico poseen estructura quimica similar al acido araquidonico; se propone que se incorporan a la membrana plaquetaria, compitiendo con el acido araquidonico como sustrato de la ciclooxigenasa, disminuyendo la agregacion plaquetaria.Conociendo el ciclo vital del trombocito, se realiza este ensayo de cohorte, longitudinal, con una muestra seleccionada de 30 individuos, para evaluar el efecto de los acidos grasos Omega 3 en la agregacion plaquetaria, in vitro, a los 7 dias de tratamiento. Se aplico el metodo turbimetrico de Born, utilizando ADP, colageno y epinefrina. Se observo disminucion estadisticamente significativa de la agregacion plaquetaria en 14,3 ± 3,5% para ADP, 8,78 ± 2,83% para colageno y de 10,87 ± 3,11% para epinefrina.Se concluye que 1g. diario de acidos grasos Omega 3, disminuye la agregacion plaquetaria, dependiente de ADP, colageno y epinefrina, con solo una semana de tratamiento.Es un medicamento seguro sin efectos adversos de importancia. There is evidence that fish consumption containing Omega-3, offers cardiovascular protection. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends to consume 1g/day Omega-3 to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acids have a chemical structure similar to araquidonic acid; it is supposed that they join the platelet membrane, competing with araquidonic acid as cyclooxygenase substrate, reducing platelet aggregation. This prospective-longitudinal study, with a sample of 30 selected individuals, was carried out knowing the turnover of the thrombocyte. It was intended to evaluate the effect of Omega-3 fatty acids on platelet aggregation, in vitro, over a 7-days period of treatment. Turbimetric method of Born using ADP, collagen and epinephrine was used. A significantly statistical decrease on the platelet aggregation of 14.3 ± 3.5% for ADP, 8.78 ± 2.83% for collagen and 10.87 ± 3.11% for epinephrine was observed.In conclusion, 1g of Omega-3 fatty acids taken daily diminishes, in a 7-days treatment, platelet aggregation, dependent on ADP, collagen and epinephrine. It is a safe medication with no significant adverse events.