Clinical features of oculomotor disorders and nystagmus among children presenting congenital glaucoma

Purpose Strabismus and nystagmus are often reported in congenital glaucoma ( CG), but few data are available. This study aims at describing clinical features of oculomotor disorders associated with congenital glaucoma. Methods A retrospective study was led in a service of Pediatric Ophthalmology of the South of France taking for reference the registers of the children operated for primitive CG between 2008 and 2013. We registered the caracteristics of cross-eyed infringement, the nystagmus, refractive data and amblyopia. Tests of chi ² or exact tests of Fisher were used for the category-specific variables and the tests of Mann-Whitney for the quantitative variables. Results 47 children were included.2 children presented an unilateral CG. 25%(12 children) presented a strabismus ;4 had a convergent deviation (33 %) and 8 an exotropia(66 %).4 children (8 % ) had a nystagmus, and all of them had a low best corrected visual acuteness(BCVA)(BCVA lower than 0,6 LogMAR). We find an average spherical equivalent (SE) more important in myopia in the cross-eyed population (average SE -1.75 D) with regard to the non strabismic population (average SE -0.35 D). Regarding nystagmic patients, we find a much more important average SE in myopia (average SE -7.8 D) with regard to the non-strabismic population (average SE -0.35 D)( p: 0.016). A statistically significant link exists between amblyopia and nystagmus occurency (p Fischer: 0.013). Conclusion Most of the children taken in care for primitive CG and presenting a deviation had a visual acuteness decreased in our study. The nystagmus seems to appear for BCVA lower than 0,6 LogMAR. This amblyopia seems to have both organic origin but also refractive origin.