Eficácia do uso de Enrofloxacina de ação rápida no tratamento da diarreia neonatal em bezerros da raça Holandês

Background: Diarrhea generates economic impacts due high morbidity and mortality losses, and results in delayed physical development and treatment costs. The therapy consists in using broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as drugs belonging to the quinolones group, as the enrofloxacin. It is currently available on the market a single dose enrofloxacin, which reaches plasma peak concentration five hours after the injection, and in 30 minutes reaches the therapeutic concentrations in plasma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters in calves with diarrhea treated with a single dose of a fast action response enrofloxacin. Materials, Methods & Results: For this study, 10 heifers with 1 day of life were classified according appearance of diarrhea clinical symptoms in two experimental groups: Sickness Group (SG) n = 5 and Healthy Group (HG) n = 5. For the SG, the adopted therapeutic protocol was a single dose (7.5 mg / kg / IM) of a fast action enrofloxacin and the GS animals were not treated. During the first five weeks of life, the animals were clinically monitored (heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and capillary refill time) and blood samples were collected for hemogram and biochemical analysis of albumin (ALB), total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO), and determination of the relations ALB:GLO and TP:fibrinogen. Besides, the growth measures were used to obtain the average daily gain (ADG) of weight, height, chest girth and rump width. From the diagnosis of diarrhea, the animals were monitored daily for 3 consecutive days by clinical examination and blood collection for hemogram. The statistical analyzes were performed by using version 9.0 SAS software. The ADG of weight, height, chest girth, rump width and concentrations of blood metabolites (ALB, TP, GLO, ALB:GLO, TP:Fibrinogen) did not differ between the groups during the first five weeks of life. Frequencies of heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were higher in the first week (P < 0.01) of life for all animals (HR 112 beats/min; FR 53 mov/min). Rectal temperature (RT) was higher in SG animals (39.3°C vs 38.7°C HG, P < 0.05) during the first 24 h of treatment. At 24h after treatment fibrinogen were higher in SG (SG 540 mg/dL vs. 642 mg/dL HG, P < 0.05) and also total leukocytes (vs 11.118μL GD 6.620μL GS, P = 0.09), after this period no differences between groups were observed. Discussion: The data presented demonstrated a rapid effect of treatment on SG due to reduction of clinical signs in 48 h, assessed by the rectal temperature normalization. The total leukocyte count of sick animals was normalized after 72 h of treatment, ensuring the same biological comfort of healthy animals. The higher fibrinogen concentration in sickness animals may be associated with the greatest challenge during illness, but it was observed that the drug was effective, restoring the physiological concentrations at the end of the study. Sickness animals treated with fast action enrofloxacin showed no deficit in their body development due to the rapid restoration of the clinical condition. It was concluded that at the conditions of our study, treatment with a single dose of a fast action enrofloxacin was effective in calves suffering from diarrhea since occurred a noticeable improvement in the clinic parameters 72 h after treatment.