Primary Pleural Hydatid Cyst: Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Primary pleural hydatidosis is a rare disease. It is defined as a hydatid cyst within or dependent of the pleural space that has not been produced by rupture from another location and/or does not appear simultaneously or is preceded by another cyst, liver or lung. Presentation of the Case: A 26-year-old woman, non-smoker, was taken to the emergency room for fever of 1 day of evolution, without other symptoms. No relevant medical history. Nasopharyngeal swab was performed for RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 RNA, which was negative. The chest radiograph without abnormalities. Chest CT showed a lobulated lesion in its anterior portion and smooth in its posterior part, adjacent to the 5th and 6th right vertebral bodies, respecting cortices, 42 mm × 16 mm, did not present reinforcement with contrast IV. The biopsy of the lesion was scheduled, the preoperative analyzes were normal. The histology showed, a hydatid cyst due to Echinococcus granulosus. Currently the patient is asymptomatic and has no recurrence. Discussion: Most of the case report present the individual importance of extrapulmonary-intrathoracic hydatidosis of pleural location in the analysis of the 100-year literature that we performed. It is important to consider the primary pleural hydatid cyst within the differential diagnoses of pulmonary cystic disease, especially in endemic areas of E. granulosus infection, and to take into account the wide clinical variability of its presentation. Conclusion: Extrathoracic intrapulmonary hydatidosis is uncommon, however, the pleura is the most common site, so the presence of a lesion should be evaluated.