In-vivo staging of regional amyloid deposition predicts functional conversion in the preclinical and prodromal phases of Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract We tested the usefulness of a regional amyloid staging based on amyloid sensitive Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to predict conversion to cognitive impairment and dementia in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We analyzed 884 cases, including normal controls, and people with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) with a maximum follow-up of 6 years and 318 cases with subjective memory complaints with a maximum follow-up time of three years from the INveStIGation of AlzHeimer’s PredicTors cohort (INSIGHT-preAD study). Cox regression showed a significant association of regional amyloid stages with time to conversion from a cognitively normal to a MCI, and from a MCI to a dementia status. The most advanced amyloid stages identified very high-risk groups of conversion. All results were robustly replicated across the independent samples. These findings indicate the usefulness of regional amyloid staging for identifying preclinical and prodromal AD cases at very high risk of conversion for future amyloid targeted trials.