Enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias en anfibios en cautividad: estudio retrospectivo de 131 pacientes

espanolEste estudio retrospectivo evalua las principales enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias en 131 anfibios remitidos para estudio histopatologico (127 casos post mortem y 5 biopsias) procedentes de zoos (106/131; 80,9%) o colecciones privadas (25/131; 19,1%). Las especies mas representadas son el sapito balear (Alytes muletensis) (38/131; 29%) y, en conjunto, los dendrobatidos (48/131; 36,6%). Las infecciones eran principalmente bacterianas, particularmente la micobacteriosis (19/131; 14,5%), y fungicas. Entre estas ultimas se contabilizaron unicamente 6 casos de quitridiomicosis (6/131; 4,6%) y 3 por hongos pigmentados (3/131; 2,3%), incluidos 2 de feohifomicosis y 1 de cromomicosis. No se observaron evidencias de infecciones viricas, salvo una dermatitis epizootica en escuerzos de Cranwell (Ceratophrys cranwelli); sin embargo, no se realizaron tecnicas de deteccion de genoma o antigeno virico en ningun anfibio. De entre las enfermedades parasitarias destaca la estrongiloidiasis (19/131; 14,5%), que afecto principalmente a sapitos baleares, en los cuales se asocio frecuentemente a proctitis, prolapso rectal/proctocloacal e intususcepciones intestinales EnglishThis is a retrospective study of the main infectious and parasitic diseases in 131 amphibians submitted for histopathology (127 postmortem cases and 5 biopsies) originated from zoos (106/131; 80.9%) or private collections (25/131; 19.1%). The most represented species are the Mallorcan midwife’s toad (Alytes muletensis) and, as a group, the dendrobatids (48/131; 36.6%). Infections were mainly bacterial, particularly mycobacteriosis (19/131; 14.5%), and fungal, with only 6 cases of chytridiomycosis (6/131; 4.6%) and 3 of pigmented fungi (2.3%), including 2 of phaehyphomycosis and 1 of chromomycosis. No evidence of viral infections was noted, except for a single case of epizootic dermatitis in a Cranwell’s horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli); nevertheless, genome or antigen detection techniques were not performed in any amphibian. Among parasitic diseases, strongyloidiasis was the most frequent (19/131; 14.5%) and mainly affected Mallorcan midwife’s toads, in which it was associated with proctitis, rectal/proctocloacal prolapse and intestinal intussusception.