Az extrém alacsony születési súlyú koraszülöttek hyperglykaemiájának korai és késői szövődményei = Early and late complications of hyperglycemic extremely low birth-weight infants

2019 
Absztrakt: Bevezetes: Az ujszulott intenziv osztalyok műkodesenek koszonhetően az extrem alacsony sulyu koraszulottek perinatalis mortalitasa jelentősen csokkent. Fontos feladat a korai es kesői szovődmenyek felismerese. Celkitűzes: A hyperglykaemia (vercukorszint > 8,5 mmol/l) előfordulasi gyakorisagat, a korai es kesői komplikaciokat feltarva kapcsolatot kerestunk a hyperglykaemia es a szovődmenyek kialakulasa kozott. Modszer: A 2014. januar 1. es 2017. december 31. kozotti periodusban szuletett, 1000 g alatti sulyu 188 koraszulott klinikai adatait elemeztuk. Meghataroztuk a hyperglykaemia, a retinopathia, az agyverzes, valamint a bronchopulmonalis dysplasia gyakorisagat. Allatkiserleteinket Sprague Dawley patkanyokon vegeztuk. A hyperglykaemias allapotot intraperitonealis sztreptozotocininjekcio adasaval ertuk el (100 mg/ttkg). A 7. eletnapon az aortat eltavolitottuk, szovettani metszeteket keszitettunk, melyeket hematoxilin-eozin oldatokkal festettunk. A falvastagsagot a QCapture Pro 7 kepelemző programmal mertuk. Eredmenyek: Az 1000 g alatti szuletesi sulyu koraszulottek gesztacios kora es szuletesi sulya 27,1 ± 2,2 het, illetve 814,9 ± 151,9 g volt, kozuluk 33 exitalt (17,5%). Hyperglykaemiat 62 esetben igazoltunk (32,9%), inzulinkezelest 43 esetben alkalmaztunk (22,8%). A hyperglykaemias csoport gesztacios kora, szuletesi sulya szignifikansan alacsonyabb volt (p<0,001), a sulyos retinopathia előfordulasa gyakoribb (p = 0,012), az inzulinkezeltek mortalitasa magasabb (p = 0,02) volt, mint a normoglykaemias koraszulotteke. A tulelő gyermekeket vizsgalva (n = 155) logisztikus regresszios analizissel megallapitottuk, hogy a hyperglykaemia jelentős kockazati tenyező a sulyos retinopathia kialakulasaban (p<0,001). Allatkiserletes modellen megfigyeltuk, hogy a neonatalis hyperglykaemia az aortafal jelentős megvastagodasat okozza. Kovetkeztetes: Retrospektiv es allatkiserletes vizsgalataink eredmenyei arra hivjak fel a figyelmet, hogy hyperglykaemia gyakran alakul ki extrem alacsony sulyu koraszulottekben; gondozasuk soran a szemeszeti kontroll mellett a veseműkodes es a vernyomas ellenőrzese is fontos feladat. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(32): 1270–1278. | Abstract: Introduction: During recent decades, the perinatal mortality of extremely low-birth weight infants has decreased. An important task is to recognize complications of prematurity. Aim: We made an attempt to explore the relationship between complications of prematurity and neonatal hyperglycemia. Method: From 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2017, 188 infants with birth weight below 1000 g were admitted. For each infant, the frequencies of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >8.5 mmol/l), retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were determined. Animal studies were performed in Sprague Dawley rats. Hyperglycemia was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg). On the 7th day of life, aorta sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Wall thickness was measured using QCapture Pro 7 image analysis software. Results: The mean ± SD gestational age and birth weight were 27.1 ± 2.2 weeks and 814.9 ± 151.9 g; 33 infants (17.5%) died. Hyperglycemia was confirmed in 62 cases (32.9%), and insulin treatment was given to 43 infants (22.8%). The gestational age and birth weight of the hyperglycemic infants were significantly lower (p<0.001), the incidence of severe retinopathy (p = 0.012) and the mortality of insulin-treated patients were higher (p = 0.02) than in normoglycemic infants. Among survivors (n = 155), we found by logistic regression analysis that hyperglycemia was a risk factor for severe retinopathy (p<0.001). In the rat model, neonatal hyperglycemia caused significant thickening of the aortic wall. Conclusion: Our studies indicate that hyperglycemia is common in extremely low birth-weight infants. Monitoring of these infants for retinopathy of prematurity, kidney dysfunction, and hypertension is recommended. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(32): 1270–1278.
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