Az extrém alacsony születési súlyú koraszülöttek hyperglykaemiájának korai és késői szövődményei = Early and late complications of hyperglycemic extremely low birth-weight infants
2019
Absztrakt: Bevezetes: Az ujszulott intenziv osztalyok műkodesenek
koszonhetően az extrem alacsony sulyu koraszulottek perinatalis mortalitasa
jelentősen csokkent. Fontos feladat a korai es kesői szovődmenyek felismerese.
Celkitűzes: A hyperglykaemia (vercukorszint > 8,5
mmol/l) előfordulasi gyakorisagat, a korai es kesői komplikaciokat feltarva
kapcsolatot kerestunk a hyperglykaemia es a szovődmenyek kialakulasa kozott.
Modszer: A 2014. januar 1. es 2017. december 31. kozotti
periodusban szuletett, 1000 g alatti sulyu 188 koraszulott klinikai adatait
elemeztuk. Meghataroztuk a hyperglykaemia, a retinopathia, az agyverzes,
valamint a bronchopulmonalis dysplasia gyakorisagat. Allatkiserleteinket Sprague
Dawley patkanyokon vegeztuk. A hyperglykaemias allapotot intraperitonealis
sztreptozotocininjekcio adasaval ertuk el (100 mg/ttkg). A 7. eletnapon az
aortat eltavolitottuk, szovettani metszeteket keszitettunk, melyeket
hematoxilin-eozin oldatokkal festettunk. A falvastagsagot a QCapture Pro 7
kepelemző programmal mertuk. Eredmenyek: Az 1000 g alatti
szuletesi sulyu koraszulottek gesztacios kora es szuletesi sulya 27,1 ± 2,2 het,
illetve 814,9 ± 151,9 g volt, kozuluk 33 exitalt (17,5%). Hyperglykaemiat 62
esetben igazoltunk (32,9%), inzulinkezelest 43 esetben alkalmaztunk (22,8%). A
hyperglykaemias csoport gesztacios kora, szuletesi sulya szignifikansan
alacsonyabb volt (p<0,001), a sulyos retinopathia előfordulasa gyakoribb (p =
0,012), az inzulinkezeltek mortalitasa magasabb (p = 0,02) volt, mint a
normoglykaemias koraszulotteke. A tulelő gyermekeket vizsgalva (n = 155)
logisztikus regresszios analizissel megallapitottuk, hogy a hyperglykaemia
jelentős kockazati tenyező a sulyos retinopathia kialakulasaban (p<0,001).
Allatkiserletes modellen megfigyeltuk, hogy a neonatalis hyperglykaemia az
aortafal jelentős megvastagodasat okozza. Kovetkeztetes:
Retrospektiv es allatkiserletes vizsgalataink eredmenyei arra hivjak fel a
figyelmet, hogy hyperglykaemia gyakran alakul ki extrem alacsony sulyu
koraszulottekben; gondozasuk soran a szemeszeti kontroll mellett a veseműkodes
es a vernyomas ellenőrzese is fontos feladat. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(32):
1270–1278.
| Abstract: Introduction: During recent decades, the perinatal mortality of
extremely low-birth weight infants has decreased. An important task is to
recognize complications of prematurity. Aim: We made an attempt
to explore the relationship between complications of prematurity and neonatal
hyperglycemia. Method: From 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2017,
188 infants with birth weight below 1000 g were admitted. For each infant, the
frequencies of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >8.5 mmol/l), retinopathy of
prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were
determined. Animal studies were performed in Sprague Dawley rats. Hyperglycemia
was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg). On the
7th day of life, aorta sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin
eosin. Wall thickness was measured using QCapture Pro 7 image analysis software.
Results: The mean ± SD gestational age and birth weight
were 27.1 ± 2.2 weeks and 814.9 ± 151.9 g; 33 infants (17.5%) died.
Hyperglycemia was confirmed in 62 cases (32.9%), and insulin treatment was given
to 43 infants (22.8%). The gestational age and birth weight of the hyperglycemic
infants were significantly lower (p<0.001), the incidence of severe
retinopathy (p = 0.012) and the mortality of insulin-treated patients were
higher (p = 0.02) than in normoglycemic infants. Among survivors (n = 155), we
found by logistic regression analysis that hyperglycemia was a risk factor for
severe retinopathy (p<0.001). In the rat model, neonatal hyperglycemia caused
significant thickening of the aortic wall. Conclusion: Our
studies indicate that hyperglycemia is common in extremely low birth-weight
infants. Monitoring of these infants for retinopathy of prematurity, kidney
dysfunction, and hypertension is recommended. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(32):
1270–1278.
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