Enfermería en terapia inhalada: Análisis previo y posterior a una intervención sanitaria

2021 
espanolObjetivos: • Principal: evaluar la eficacia de una intervencion sanitaria sobre terapia inhalada. • Secundarios: conocer el manejo previo de los inhaladores, identificar errores y comprobar mediante analisis posterior su reduccion o eliminacion. Metodologia: Estudio cuasi-experimental en pacientes con diagnostico de asma o Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Cronica (EPOC) de mas de un ano de evolucion y a tratamiento con inhaladores, del centro de salud de O Carballino (Ourense). Se analizo la tecnica inhalatoria previa y posterior a una intervencion sanitaria individual (grupo “control”, 14 personas) o colectiva (grupo “intervencion”, 10 personas) mediante la “Encuesta de Evaluacion de la Tecnica Inhalatoria”. Este estudio cuenta con la aprobacion del Comite de Etica de la Investigacion de Pontevedra-Vigo-Ourense. Resultados: El 70,83% eran mujeres, con una edad media de 63,50 anos y un 58,33% padecian EPOC. El inhalador mas empleado fue el de polvo seco (70,59%). Comparando los datos pre y post intervencion, el porcentaje de errores en el uso de inhaladores ha disminuido en un 96,67% de los aspectos evaluados. Los errores mas comunes eran la ausencia de espiracion previa, de apnea posterior o de enjuagues. Conclusiones: Se ha constatado que los inhaladores son utilizados incorrectamente por un porcentaje alto de pacientes con asma o EPOC. Las intervenciones han demostrado una mejora de la tecnica, y de la calidad de vida de quienes los utilizan, lo que corrobora la importancia del trabajo de enfermeria en este ambito. EnglishObjective: Main: to evaluate the efficacy of a sanitary intervention about inhalation therapy. Secondary: to investigate previous management of inhalers, to identify errors and to check if they are reduced or eliminated after the intervention. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study in patients with asthma or Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive (CPOD) of more than one year of evolution and treatment with inhalers from the O Carballino health centre (Ourense). The technique in the use of inhalers was evaluated before and after an individual (“control” group, 14 people) or collective (“intervention” group, 10 people) sanitary intervention through the “Inhalation Therapy Evaluation Survey”. This study was approved by the Ethic Committee Investigation of Pontevedra-Vigo-Ourense. Results: 70,83% were women, with an average age of 63,50 years and 58,33% had COPD. The most used inhaler was the dry powder type (70,59%). Comparing before and after results, the percentage of errors in the use of inhalers decreased in 96,67% of the evaluated items. The most common errors were the absence of previous inspiration, posterior apnea or rinses. Conclusions: It was proved that inhalers were incorrect used by a high percentage of patients with asthma or COPD. Sanitary interventions demonstrated an improvement of the technique and of the users’ life quality, which highlights the importance of nursing work in this area.
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