Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Sweet's Syndrome Are Associated with a Mutation in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1

BACKGROUND: Sweet's syndrome (SS) is a febrile neutrophilic dermatosis that has been clinically linked to hematological malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), in a number of case series. Many epigenetic changes underlying MDS have been identified, such as a mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene, which causes DNA hypermethylation and alteration of a number of genes that lead to leukemogenesis. However, the pathogenesis of malignancy-associated SS is unknown. CASE REPORT: We present two patients who were diagnosed with SS and concomitant IDH1-mutated MDS. Immunohistochemical staining of their skin lesions showed neutrophils diffusely positive for the IDH1 mutation. CONCLUSION: These cases demonstrate that IDH1 mutation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of malignancy-associated SS. Future investigation to elucidate this pathway is warranted. Establishing this molecular link can provide an earlier identification of patients with SS who are also at increased risk for developing MDS.