Phytochemical Evaluation and Anticancer Activity on Root Extracts of Jatropha Gossypiifolia Linn

INTRODUCTION: Cancer, in medicine, common term for neoplasms, or tumors, that are malignant. Like benign tumors, malignant tumors do not respond to body mechanisms that limit cell growth. Unlike benign tumors, malignant tumors consist of differentiated, or unspecialized, cells that show an atypical cell structure and do not function like the normal cells from the organ from which they derive. Cancer is the major disorder, which increases morbidity and mortality in both male and females. Certain genes control the life cycle – the growth, function, division, and death -- of a cell. When these genes are damaged, the balance between normal cell growth and death is lost. Cancer occurs due to DNA damage and out-of-control cell growth. The following is a partial list of factors known to damage DNA and increase the risk of cancer:AIM:To evaluate phytochemical and in vitro anti-cancer activity on roots of Jatropha gossypiifolia Linn OBJECTIVE: 1. To perform Soxhlet extraction on roots of Jatropha gossypiifolia 2. To evaluate preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-cancer activity of the extracts on Breast Cancer line (MCF-7) 3. To subject the active extract for fractionation in column chromatography in solvents from non-polar to polar by gradient elution.(n-hexaneto ethanol) 4. To evaluate the anticancer activity in fractions on Breast Cancer line (MCF-7). 5.To perform Preparative HPLC for the bio active fraction and isolate the pure compound by observing the peak area , height and retention time. 6.To characterize the compound byFT-IR,1HNMR, GCMS and interpret it to determine the structure. 7.To perform the docking studies for the isolated compound on breast cancer target protein human tankyrase 2. 8.To investigate Gene expression of isolated compound by RT PCR method.SUMMARY:The chloroform and ethanol extracts was prepared from the dried powdered roots of Jatropha gossypiifoliaby hot continuous percolation method using soxhletapparatus.The extracts was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and was found that, secondary metabolites such as steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. It was found that ethanol extract shows the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds and it is absence in chloroform extract. Bio guided Isolation In vitro anticancer activity The chloroform and ethanol extract was subjected to in vitro anticancer activity on MCF – 7 cell line. The ethanol extract shows better anti-cancer activity than chloroform extract with the percentage growth of 28.46 on MCF –7cells. Since the present scheme of work is bioguided isolation, the active extract (ethanol extract) was selected for isolation by column chromatography. Isolation by column chromatography Ethanol extract was subjected to column chromatography isolation by gradient elution technique. The yellowish green fraction was started eluting fromfractions(chloroform 100%), chloroform: ethylacetate (160:40), (150:50), (100:100) and ethyl acetate 100%. The brown colour fraction was started eluting from fractions (ethylacetate: ethanol) and ethanol 100%.TLC was determined for the above fractions. The fractions with the same Rfvalue were mixed to contain totally of 4 fractions. Fraction 1 (chloroform fraction), fraction 2 (chloroform: ethylacetate), fraction 3 (ethyl acetate: ethanol)and fraction 4 (ethanol 100%). In Vitro anticancer activity of fractions All the 4 fractions were subjected to anticancer activity on MCF – 7 cell lines. The fraction 4 (Ethanol 100%) shows the good anticancer activity compared to other fractions against MCF -7 cell line. The percentage growth of MCF-7 cells in fraction (1 -4) was found to be 24.527, 49.132, 36.909, 14.650 respectively. The EC50 value was found to be for fractions (1- 4) was found to be 0.00082, 0.1728, 0.00028, 0.00087mg/ml respectively.CONCLUSION:The conclusion of the study present study is the ethanol extract and ethanol fraction of Jatropha gossypifolia (root) from column chromatography is proved to have antineoplastic activity. The flavone which is isolated from ethanol fraction is proved to be an effective antineoplastic agent .against MCF-7 cell line.