Impact of Genetic Background in Otitis Media Predisposition

Predisposition to the development of otitis media (OM) results from a complex interaction between patient and environmental factors. Heritability studies done in twins have demonstrated a strong genetic component to both acute and chronic OM. Three separate genome-wide linkage scan studies have identified potentially important chromosomal regions that are associated with OM susceptibility. Candidate genes that have been considered to potentially play a role in OM susceptibility include toll-like receptors, the TGF-β signaling pathway, surfactants, and mucins. Specific genes that have been shown to be highly correlated to middle ear disease in both humans and animal models include TLR4, and FBXO11. This chapter reviews what is known regarding the influence of specific genetic factors on the development of OM.