Outcomes After Extracorporeal Life Support Cannulation in Pediatric Patients With Trisomy 13 and Trisomy 18

Abstract Background Indications for extracorporeal life support (ECLS) have evolved and expanded, yet its use in trisomy 13 (T13) and trisomy 18 (T18) patients remains controversial. We reviewed the experience of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization with ECLS in these patients to inform practice at our institution. Methods The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry was queried for all patients younger than 18 y with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition/Tenth Edition code for T13 or T18 from 2000 to 2018. Basic demographics, ECLS details, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results Twenty-eight patients were identified (15 with T13; 13 with T18), representing 0.06% (28 of 46,901) of pediatric ECLS cannulations. The median weight was 3.5 kg (range, 1.4-13), and age at cannulation was 52 d (range, 0 d-6.8 y). Time on ECLS ranged from 13 to 478 h (median, 114). Cardiac defects were diagnosed in 19 (68%) patients, of which 13 (46%) underwent surgical repair. Median oxygenation index pre-ECLS was 45. Venoarterial cannulations accounted for 82% of patients, whereas 14% underwent venovenous cannulation. Overall survival to hospital discharge was 46% with 86% of patients experiencing one or more complications. There were no survivors when cannulation continued past 12 d. Conclusions Although complications are frequent, the mortality rate in patients with T13 and T18 remains within the reported range for the general pediatric population. T13 and T18 alone should not be viewed as absolute contraindications to ECLS within the pediatric population but rather considered during the evaluation of a patient's potential candidacy.