Are tantrums in autism distinct from those of other childhood conditions? A comparative prevalence and naturalistic study

Abstract Background While autistic temper tantrums during preschool age are a common challenging behavior, it is unknown whether they are qualitatively and quantitatively different from those arising in other neurodevelopmental conditions. Method Tantrum frequency, duration, triggering factors, behavioral components, parental responses and parental perception of their impact on functioning were collected in 48 autistic spectrum (AS) preschoolers and in 47 preschoolers with other neurodevelopmental conditions, aged from 2 to 5 years. Results The AS group had more frequent tantrums with no identifiable triggers, a higher proportion of tantrums triggered by communication problems and in the context of demands, and their parents were more likely to give in to their demands in response to tantrums. No other group differences in terms of frequency, duration, perceived impact, triggers, modulators and behaviors were found. Conclusion This study did not find an increased frequency of tantrums at a preschool age in youth with and without an AS diagnosis. Further research should now consider if autistic tantrums differ from that of typically developing peers.