Ciglitazone, ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor activity

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ligands were shown to induce the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis in several cell types. We tested the effect of ciglitazone, one of the most specific PPARγ agonists, on the angiogenic activity of VEGF.