Global Solar Magnetic Field and Cosmic Ray Ground Level Enhancement

We propose a mechanism for proton propagation from the Sun to Earth orbit in the electromagnetic field presented, in the simplest case, through the Parker model. Within this model, proton ingress on the Earth is shown possible in the case when the Earth is in the surroundings of the heliospheric current sheet neutral line (HCSNL), at the distance from the latter that is smaller than the Larmor radius of the protons drifting along the HCSNL. Based on that model, we analyzed the paths of the protons with energies characteristic of solar proton events. As a result of such an analysis, solar proton events on the Earth appear to be observed only in the case when energetic protons eject from an active region (AR) located in the northern (southern) hemisphere of the Sun, at the positive (negative) polarity of the solar global magnetic field in that AR. There is a minimal value for the proton energy below which solar proton events on the Earth are not observed. This energy value is proportional to the value for the angle of the latitude at which the flare AR is located.