Connectomic DBS: An introduction

Abstract Treating brain disorders with the aim of modulating brain connections or networks has been a concept since before 1900. However, with the introduction of the human connectome in 2005, a more formal way of analyzing whole-brain connectivity measures was introduced. Shortly after, the concept of connectomic surgery was proposed, harnessing the power of modern neuroimaging methods to derive brain connectivity graphs that may serve as brain stimulation targets. In this chapter, we briefly recap historical developments and introduce the concept of the connectome and predominant imaging methods commonly used to map it. We then transfer the connectome concept to deep brain stimulation and delve into how the concept may transform the way we currently think about the application of this surgical intervention.