Controversies surrounding body mass, refl ux, and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma

1therefore, these tumours should be regarded as separate diseases. Furthermore, distinguishing between adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus and of the gastric cardia is commonly diffi cult in clinical practice. 2 Similarly, gastric-cardia adenocarcinoma and proximal-gastric adenocarcinoma are often misclassifi ed. 3