CBCT and MRI of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Related Structures

Clinical assessment of patients presenting with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms includes radiographic examination. There are several imaging modalities available to visualize the TMJ, and this chapter will focus specifically on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CBCT has revolutionized oral and maxillofacial radiology and offers low-dose, high-spatial resolution characteristics of the bony structures. In addition to anatomy seen on traditional TMJ radiographs of transpharyngeal, transcranial, panoramic radiograph, or tomographic section of the TMJ, CBCT will offer additional detailed information about bony alterations. These bony alterations may include flattening, sclerosis, erosions, osteophytes, resorption of the condylar head, ankyloses, erosion of the mandibular fossa, and reduced joint space. CBCT is also useful to visualize fractures, infection, invasion by tumor, and congenital abnormalities [1].