Exploration of solar photospheric magnetic field data sets using the UCSD tomography

This article investigates the use of two different types of National Solar Observatory magnetograms and two different coronal field modeling techniques over ten years. Both the “open-field” Current Sheet Source Surface (CSSS) and a “closed-field” technique using CSSS modeling are compared. The University of California, San Diego tomographic modeling, using interplanetary scintillation (IPS) data from Japan, provides the global velocities to extrapolate these fields outward, which are then compared with fields measured in situ near Earth. Although the open-field technique generally gives a better result for radial and tangential fields, we find that a portion of the closed extrapolated fields measured in situ near Earth comes from the direct outward mapping of these fields in the low solar corona. All three closed-field components are non-zero at 1 AU, and are compared with the appropriate magnetometer values. A significant positive correlation exists between these closed-field components and the in-situ measurements over the last ten years. We determine that a small fraction of the static low-coronal component flux, that includes the Bn (north-south) component, regularly escapes from closed-field regions. The closed-field flux fraction varies by about a factor of three from a mean value during this period, relative to the magnitude of the field components measured in situ near Earth, and maximizes in 2014. This implies that a relatively more efficient process for closed-flux escape occurs near solar maximum. We also compare and find that the popular Potential Field Source Surface- and CSSS-model closed fields are nearly identical in sign and strength.