Tin-Based Anode Materials for Stable Sodium Storage: Progress and Perspective

Because of concerns regarding shortages of lithium resources, and the urgent need to develop low-cost and high-efficiency energy storage systems, research and applications of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have re-emerged in recent years. In this review, recent advances in high-capacity Sn-based anode materials for stable SIBs are highlighted, including tin (Sn) alloys, Sn oxides, Sn sulfides, Sn selenides, Sn phosphides and their composites. The reaction mechanisms between Sn-based materials and sodium are clarified. Multiphase and multiscale structural optimizations of Sn-based materials to achieve good sodium storage performance are emphasized. Full-cell designs using Sn-based materials as anodes and further development of Sn-based materials are discussed from a commercialization perspective. This review provides insight into the preparation of future high-performance Sn-based anode materials and the construction of sodium-ion full batteries with a high energy density and long service life. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.