Hormonal and metabolic responses to breakfast meals in niddm: comparison of white and whole-grain wheat bread and corresponding extruded products.

: The post-prandial glucose and hormonal responses were followed in nine non-insulin-dependent diabetics after four randomized breakfast meals containing mainly wheat products. The effect of conventionally baked breads was compared with extruded crispbread-like products prepared from white or whole-grain wheat flour, respectively. The extruded whole-grain product gave significantly larger areas under the glucose and insulin curves than the corresponding baked bread, and resulted in higher C-peptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and glucagon concentrations at certain time points. The mean incremental areas under the glucose curves were similar after white bread and the two extruded crispbread-like products. There were no significant differences between white and whole-grain bread. The results indicate that baked whole-grain wheat bread is to be preferred to corresponding extruded products in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.