Perfil celular imunológico e o papel na resposta inflamatória frente ao SARS-CoV-2

The novo coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has been challenging the world scenario due to the pandemic and understanding the aspects of the immune system in the host's response to antigenic stimuli is important if we consider possible effective pharmacological and preventive actions through immunizations. Patients affected by COVID-19 disease have presented different signs and symptoms, they can even develop the severe form and, eventually, death. Considering this context caused by the new coronavirus, contextualizing the immune cell profile and its role in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV2, reflects the aim of this study. The methodology adopted was a theoretical contextualization in cataloged bases between 2019 and 2020 using compendiums from Scielo, Pubmed, Capes Periodical. As a result, it is emphasized that SARS-CoV-2 in varying stages of involvement in patients, presents a storm of cytokines including IL-2, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL- 10, TNF-α, G-CSF, IP-10, MCP1 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) - 1α, resulting in the action of pro-inflammatory proteins, greater vascular permeability and the presence of a considerable amount of fluid in the host alveoli, characterizing dyspnea and respiratory failure. Activation of immune cells capable of producing and / or modulating cytokines (T lymphocytes, Natural Killer, phagocytes) has been reported in patients affected by COVID-19. Reduced number of NK and T cells and high levels of IL-6 are associated with poorer patient prognosis. In summary, understanding the role of the immune system under the action of SARS-CoV2, facilitates the development of preventive and treatment strategies in the face of viral action.