Native upper lobe–sparing living-donor lobar lung transplantation maximizes respiratory function of the donor graft

BACKGROUND We have developed a novel method for native upper lobe–sparing living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT) to overcome a small-for-size graft in standard LDLLT with acceptable results. We hypothesized that grafts implanted with this procedure might work more efficiently than those in standard lobe transplantation. METHODS Bilateral LDLLT was performed in 31 patients with a functional graft matching of less than 60% at our institution between August 2008 and December 2015. Of these, 22 patients were available for evaluation of pulmonary function more than 1 year later: 15 undergoing standard LDLLT with less than 60% functional matching and 7 undergoing native upper lobe–sparing LDLLT. RESULTS Overall survival at 2 years was 87.5% in the lobe-sparing LDLLT patients and 79.0% in the standard LDLLT patients ( p  = 0.401). The median forced vital capacity size–matching levels were 50.7% ± 1.6% in the standard LDLLT and 45.2% ± 2.3% in the sparing LDLLT group ( p  = 0.074). The 1-year and 2-year post-operative volume ratios of inspiration to expiration were significantly different between the 2 groups, at 1.76 and 1.45 after standard LDLLT ( p  = 0.019) vs 2.41 and 2.23 after lobe-sparing LDLLT ( p  = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS The grafts in lobe-sparing LDLLT functioned more effectively than those in standard LDLLT. This advantage was associated with the improvement of pulmonary functions.