Gesundheitliche Situation von Wohnungslosen in einer Krankenwohnung für Wohnungslose

Background and aim: Extension of the medical health care system for social fringe groups by means of a special 'Health Care Appartment' for homeless people with an ambulatory nursing service. Between 55-70% of the homeless people in Germany are in-patients for medical treatment nearly once a year. Only 10-20% have a family doctor. Method: The pilot experiment of a special Health Care Appartment for homeless people was scientifically evaluated for approximately one and a half year under socio-medical and socioeconomic viewpoints. Every patient passes a standardized interview at admission and discharged with one validated systematic setup and one specifically developed questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the 36 investigated persons was 48.7. 36.1% (13) of the patients lived in divorce. About 86.1% (31) of the patients had secondary school qualifications, 69.4% (25) had learnt a profession. All were unemployed. Two-thirds of them stated they had been found guilty of a criminal offence within the last few years. 44.5% (16) had been homeless for 3 or more years. Approximately of the homeless were addicted to alcohol, according to the employees entrusted with looking after the inmates. The main reasons for the average 8-week stay in the medical department were diseases of the skin and skeletal system, which had caused several hospital admissions in the past. The satisfaction of their own health status improved by 66% from the day of their admission to the day of their discharge. 72.2% (26) said they could get easier medical support in the Health Care Appartment. Supported by intensive socio-pedagogical care, 55.5% (20) of the homeless people could be discharged from the special Health Care Appartment to other arrangements for homeless people, respectively to own appartments. Conclusion: The pilot study of the special Health Care Appartment for homeless people in Hannover closes a gap in the provision of medical care which exists in many major cities. Moreover, hospital admissions for homeless people can be prevented and their social reintegration promoted.