High resolution histopathology image generation and segmentation through adversarial training

Abstract Semantic segmentation of histopathology images can be a vital aspect of computer-aided diagnosis, and deep learning models have been effectively applied to this task with varying levels of success. However, their impact has been limited due to the small size of fully annotated datasets. Data augmentation is one avenue to address this limitation. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown promise in this respect, but previous work has focused mostly on classification tasks applied to MR and CT images, both of which have lower resolution and scale than histopathology images. There is limited research that applies GANs as a data augmentation approach for large-scale image semantic segmentation, which requires high-quality image-mask pairs. In this work, we propose a multi-scale conditional GAN for high-resolution, large-scale histopathology image generation and segmentation. Our model consists of a pyramid of GAN structures, each responsible for generating and segmenting images at a different scale. Using semantic masks, the generative component of our model is able to synthesize histopathology images that are visually realistic. We demonstrate that these synthesized images along with their masks can be used to boost segmentation performance, especially in the semi-supervised scenario.