Systematic review of the diagnosis of gastric premalignant conditions and neoplasia with high-resolution endoscopic technologies

Aim. The aim of the article is to systematically review the current evidence on the diagnostic use of narrow band imaging (NBI), flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) and endoscopic image enhancement technology i-scan endoscopies for gastric precancerous and cancerous lesions. Materials and methods. Original manuscripts were searched in PubMed until October 2012. Pertinent data were collected and pooled diagnostic accuracy measures were estimated when possible. Results. In total, 38 studies were evaluated. Thirty-one studies were included for NBI and 7 studies for FICE assessment in this systematic review. No article was found meeting inclusion criteria for i-scan endoscopy. The most defined and evaluated outcomes were cancer-related (n = 26). Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies score varied from 9 to 12 (out of 14). Only few studies assessed the interobserver reliability. On a patient level analysis, NBI’s pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.61–0.73), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76–0.85) and 22.71 (95% CI: 12.53– 41.1), respectively for diagnosing normal mucosa; 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82–0.90), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73–0.80) and 17.01 (95% CI: 1.4–207.2) for intestinal metaplasia and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84–0.94), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80–0.86) and 47.61 (95% CI: 4.61– 491.34) for dysplasia. Owing to the insufficient data and different definitions, we could not aggregate the results for FICE. Conclusion. Gastric pattern descriptions have been proposed for NBI and FICE studies by gathering all descriptions in one single description. The classification systems varied between studies, a single description of gastric mucosal features with HR – scopes or at least per technology – will have to be agreed on.