Rapid identification of cervical adenocarcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissue based on Raman spectroscopy combined with multiple machine learning algorithms.

Cervical cancer has a long latency, and early screening greatly reduces mortality. In this study, cervical adenocarcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissue data were collected by Raman spectroscopy, and then, the adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares (airPLS) algorithm and Vancouver Raman algorithm (VRA) were used to subtract the background of the collected data. The following five feature extraction algorithms were applied: partial least squares (PLS), principal component analysis (PCA), kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), isometric feature mapping (isomap) and locally linear embedding (LLE). The k-nearest neighbour (KNN), extreme learning machine (ELM), decision tree (DT), backpropagation neural network (BP), genetic optimization backpropagation neural network (GA-BP) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classification models were then established through the features extracted by different feature extraction algorithms. In total, 30 types of classification models were established in this experiment. This research includes eight good models, airPLS-PLS-KNN, airPLS-PLS-ELM, airPLS-PLS-GA-BP, airPLS-PLS-BP, airPLS-PLS-LDA, airPLS-PCA-KNN, airPLS-PCA-LDA, and VRA-PLS-KNN, whose diagnostic accuracy was 96.3%, 95.56%, 95.06%, 94.07%, 92.59%, 85.19%, 85.19% and 85.19%, respectively. The experimental results showed that the model established in this article is simple to operate and highly accurate and has a good reference value for the rapid screening of cervical cancer.