Endovascular Repair of Iliac Vein Laceration Associated with Complex Pelvic Fracture

Background Iliac vein injury associated with pelvic fracture due to blunt trauma is an uncommon and difficult diagnosis but a life-threatening condition which often requires an emergent management. Although open repair has been traditionally used as the treatment of choice in unstable patients, it is controversial, given the difficulty due to injured vessel exposure in patients with significant retroperitoneal hematoma as well as tamponade effect loss associated with laparotomy. We present a challenging case of iliac vein laceration successfully treated by placement of a self-expanding covered stent. Methods A 15-year-old male was hemodynamically unstable and was transferred to our emergency department after a severe polytrauma due to a motorcycle accident. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a left external iliac vein laceration with active bleeding and retroperitoneal hematoma as well as complex pelvic and left supracondylar femoral fractures. A 13 × 100 mm self-expanding covered stent was successfully deployed through duplex ultrasound-guided percutaneous approach of both femoral veins. Results The patient's blood pressure was normalized as soon as the stent graft was placed, and then femoral fracture was reduced and fixed. At 12-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic, and stent-graft patency was confirmed. Conclusions Covered stent-graft placement can be an effective and rapid treatment for life-threatening iliac vein injury.