High Prevalence of Clinically Active Trachoma and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Preschool-Aged Children in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Southern Ethiopia

Background Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of irreversible blindness. In areas where trachoma is endemic, active trachoma is common among preschool-aged children, with varying magnitude. There is a dearth of information on the prevalence of active trachoma among preschool-aged children (the most affected segment of the population). Purpose The study aimed to assess the prevalence of clinically active trachoma and its associated risk factors among preschool-aged children in Arba Minch Health and Demographic surveillance site, Southern Ethiopia. Patients and Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 831 preschool-aged children from May 01 to June 16, 2019. A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered Open Data Kit survey tool was used to collect data. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique by allocating a proportion to each kebeles. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. The level of statistical significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression. Results The overall prevalence of clinically active trachoma among preschool-aged children was 17.8% with 95% CI (15%, 20%). Time taken to obtain water for greater than thirty minutes (AOR=2.8,95% CI: 1.62, 5.09), presence of animal pens in the living compound (AOR=5.1, 95% CI: 3.15, 8.33), improper solid waste disposal (AOR=7.8,95% CI: 4.68,13.26), improper latrine utilization (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.63,3.94), a child with unclean face (AOR=3.5, 95% CI: 2.12,5.97) had higher odds of active trachoma. Conclusion The prevalence of clinically active trachoma among pre-school aged children was high. "Facial cleanliness" and "Environmental improvement" components of the SAFE strategy are vital components in working towards the 2020 target of eliminating trachoma. Therefore, stakeholders at different hierarchies need to exert continuing efforts to integrate the trachoma prevention and control programs with other public health programs, with water sanitation and hygiene programs and with the education system.