Perforation gastrique médicamenteuse chez l’enfant : une complication rare, à propos d’un cas

2018 
La perforation gastrique est une complication redoutable apres ingestion medicamenteuse. Elle constitue une urgence rare mais potentiellement mortelle chez l’enfant. Nous rapportons un cas exceptionnel chez une fillette de 03 ans, sans antecedents particuliers, recue en urgence pour des douleurs abdominales generalisees, apparues de facon brutale, apres usage de tisanes et d’anti inflammatoire, associees a des vomissements verdâtres et a un arret des matieres et des gaz. L’examen physique avait note un syndrome infectieux et un syndrome d’irritation peritoneale permettant d’evoquer une peritonite aigue generalisee. En per operatoire, l’exploration avait permis de confirmer le diagnostic preoperatoire et de retrouver une perforation antrale. La fillette avait ete l’objet d’une excision – suture des berges de la perforation. L’examen anatomopathologique de la piece operatoire avait objective des lesions de gastrite periulcereuse sans metaplasie. Les suites operatoires etaient simples. Une therapie relative a l’eradication de l’Helicobacter pylori avait ete institue. L’examen clinique etait normal avec un recul de 1 an. Mots cles: perforation, gastrique, anti-inflammatoire, enfant English Abstract Gastric perforation is a dreadful complication of drug ingestion.It is a rare,but potentially fatal emergency in children.We report the case of the a 3-year-old girl with no relevant past history received as an emergency for genetalised abdominal pain. The pain was of sudden onset,following the intake of infusions and anti-inflammatory drugs for a fever. It became associated with a greenish vomitus and cessation of stool and flatus passage. The physical examination revealed an infectious syndrome and features of peritoneal irritation, leading to the diagnosis of acute generalised peritonitis. Intraoperatively,exploration confirmed the diagnosis and sited an antral perforation. She benefitted from an excision and suturing of the borders of the perforation.The histopathological examination of the borders concluded to lesions consistent with a periulcerative gastritis with no metaplasia. The postoperative period was uneventful. She received a Helicobacter Pylori eradication therapy.A year later the clinical examination was normal. Keywords: Perforation, gastric, anti-inflammatory, children
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