Prevalence and Etiologies of Obstructive Renal Failure in the Nephrology Department of the University Hospital Center of Point G, Bamako, Mali

Introduction: Obstructive renal failure (ORF) or obstructive uropathy is defined by the simultaneous presence of impaired renal function and urinary excretory tract dilatation on medical imaging. It accounts for 2% to 10% of the causes of acute renal failure (ARF). Objective: To determine the prevalence and etiologies of ORF in the nephrology department of the University Hospital Center of Point G. Methodology: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection conducted from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018. All patients hospitalized with renal failure due to urinary tract obstruction were included. The parameters studied were age, gender, etiology, type of renal impairment, procedures performed, surgical outcomes of the procedure, pre-and post-management creatinine levels. Information on these clinical and paraclinical variables was collected from individual hospitalization and patient follow-up records. Results: Among 1133 patients, 83 had obstructive renal failure, a prevalence of 7.32%. The sex ratio was 1.86. The mean age was 48.99 ± 6.81 years with extremes of 7 and 102 years. Signs suggestive of lower urinary tract obstruction were, in order of frequency: dysuria (50.6%), urinary burns (44.6%), urinary frequency (44.6%), pollakiuria (44.6%), macroscopic hematuria (25.3%), low back pain (21.6%), total anuria (18.1%). The etiologies were dominated by lithiasis 36 cases (43.4%), tumours 32 cases (38.55%) followed by sequelae of bilharziasis 12 cases (14.50%). Conclusion: Obstructive renal failure is becoming more and more common. The etiology is essentially of lithiasic and tumor origin. It must be treated early to allow total or partial recovery of renal function.