Linalyl acetate restores endothelial dysfunction and hemodynamic alterations in diabetic rats exposed to chronic immobilization stress

Although stress is one of the risk factors of diabetes, few studies have assessed the effects of stress on diabetic rats. This study therefore analyzed differences in cardiovascular-related factors among control, non-stressed diabetic, and stressed diabetic rats, as well as assessed the effects of linalyl acetate (LA) on stressed diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to immobilization stress throughout the entire experimental period, and diabetes was induced on day 15 by a single injection of streptozotocin. After confirming the induction of diabetes, stressed diabetic rats were administered LA (10 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) or metformin (500 mg/kg) for the last 7 days. Compared with non-stressed diabetic rats, stressed diabetic rats had significantly lower body weight, body fat percentage, ACh-induced vasorelaxation, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and NF-κB expression, as well as increased serum nitrite concentration. Although metformin increased...