Factors associated with humanistic burden and indirect cost among patients with cancer in Japan.

AIMS Patients with cancer experienced reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), increased work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI) and indirect costs. With the current emphasis on economic evaluation of health technology in Japan, it is important to understand how indirect costs correlate with HRQoL and patient characteristics. It is also crucial to assess the patient characteristics associated with the HRQoL, WPAI and indirect costs among patients with any types of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the 2017 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS). Respondents self-reported their HRQoL and WPAI by answering validated SF-12v2 and WPAI questionnaires respectively. Indirect costs were derived using the human capital method. Correlation between HRQoL components and indirect costs were assessed using Spearman's rank-order correlation. Correlation between patient characteristics and HRQoL, WPAI and indirect costs were analyzed using generalized linear models. RESULTS A total of 1,540 patients with any types of cancer, 254 with breast cancer, and 144 with colorectal cancer were included in the analyses. There was significant negative correlation between the indirect costs and HRQoL components among patients with any types of cancer. Patients with lower comorbid burden, higher household income, employed, married or living with partner, never smoker, and exercised tended to have higher HRQoL. Being never smokers, having lower comorbid burden, normal weight, and exercised were associated with lower WPAI measures. Additionally, patients who were older, not married, not obese, and not smoking tended to incur lower indirect costs. CONCLUSIONS The negative correlation between HRQoL and indirect costs among patients with cancer emphasized the needs to improve health outcomes and reduce indirect costs of patients. The factors associated with cancer burden identified in this study provide insights to allow targeted intervention to improve HRQoL and lessen the WPAI and indirect cost among cancer patients in Japan.