Long-term therapeutic outcomes of facial arteriovenous malformations: A retrospective bi-centric study of 30 cases.

Summary Introduction Among vascular malformations, arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are potentially the most invasive and destructive especially when located on the face. Their management is still subject to controversy and yet no consensus exists. Our aim was to report long-term therapeutic outcomes for patients with facial AVM managed either by embolization alone or by resection with/without preoperative embolization. Material and methods A bi-centric retrospective study was carried out covering the period from 2001 to 2018 including 30 patients with a facial AVM. Outcomes were categorized as follows: with 1 = controlled disease, 2 = improved disease (residual, no expansion), 3 = persistent or stable disease (neither improved nor worsened), and 4 = recurrent or worsened disease. Results The initial treatment modality was embolization (n = 5, 16.7%), surgical resection (n = 16, 53.3%), and surgical resection after embolization (n = 9, 30%). The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 216 months with a median of 54.9 months. Taking all treatment modalities together, disease control was achieved in 60% of the cases. Disease control was achieved in 77.8% of the cases after embolization followed by surgery, in 68.7% after surgery alone and in none of the cases after embolization alone. Conclusions According to our results, optimal treatment is based on a combination of embolization followed by a well-conducted surgical treatment.