Correlation of Blood Biomarkers and Biomarker Panels with Traumatic Findings on Computed Tomography after Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the ability of eight protein biomarkers and their combinations in discriminating computed tomography (CT)-negative and CT-positive patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), utilizing highly sensitive immunoassays in a well-characterized cohort. Blood samples were obtained from 160 patients with acute TBI within 24 h of admission. Levels of β-amyloid isoforms 1–40 (Aβ40) and 1–42 (Aβ42), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), heart fatty-acid binding protein (H-FABP), interleukin 10 (IL-10), neurofilament light (NF-L), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and tau were measured. Patients were divided into CT-negative (n = 65) and CT-positive (n = 95), and analyses were conducted separately for TBIs of all severities (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score 3–15) and mild TBIs (mTBIs; GCS 13–15). NF-L, GFAP, and tau were the best in discriminating CT-negative and CT-positive patients, both in patients with mTBI and with all severities. In patients with all severities...