Prevalence and Gender Differences of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetic Individuals: A Retrospective Study

Purpose This study aimed to identify the prevalence and gender differences of metabolic syndrome in young new-onset ketosis-prone type 2 diabetic (KPT2D) individuals. Patients and Methods A retrospective study was conducted in Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital from 2007 to 2019. A total of 304 patients from 12 to 40 years of age with newly diagnosed diabetes presenting with ketosis were analyzed. The clinical features and laboratory results of KPT2D and type 1 diabetic (T1D) individuals were compared. Prevalence and gender differences of metabolic syndrome in the KPT2D subjects were analyzed. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.0001) was significantly higher in young KPT2D than T1D subjects. The prevalence of high blood pressure (P < 0.0001), central obesity (P < 0.0001), low plasma HDL-C concentration (P = 0.045), and hypertriglyceridemia (P < 0.0001) was elevated in the KPT2D subjects compared with T1D. Male predominance (89%) was presented in the KPT2D subjects. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (P = 0.0002) was significantly higher in young male than female KPT2D subjects. The presence of central obesity (P < 0.0001) and high blood pressure (P =0.03) was higher in male KPT2D subjects than female. The presence of serum triglyceride concentrations ≥ 2.3mmol/L was significantly higher (P = 0.011) in male KPT2D subjects than female. Conclusion Significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young KPT2D patients compared with T1D patients could be an important reference for diabetic differential diagnosis. KPT2D presented a higher predominance in young males, who had higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than young females.