Accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy with concurrent full dose chemotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase I/II study

Abstract Introduction We report the results of toxicity and survival in stage III NSCLC patients treated with concurrent accelerated hypofractionated AHRT–CHT within a prospective study. Methods 92 patients received 3D-CRT or IMRT-planned RT: 58.8 Gy /21 fractions (2.8 Gy/fraction, 4 weeks) with 2 cycles of CHT (Cisplatin 80 mg/m2 D1 and D22; and Vinorelbine 25 mg/m2, D1, D8, D22, and D29) started with D1 of RT. Non-hematological toxicity was evaluated using RTOG-EORTC criteria, every week during treatment, one month after treatment completion, and every three months thereafter. Results Two patients did not receive the prescribed RT dose; 22 (24%) received only one CHT cycle. Median follow-up was 21.5 months (range: 1–65) for all patients and 32 months (range: 8–65) for living patients. There were: 13 (14%) cases of grade ≥III acute esophageal toxicity; 3 grade III acute pneumonitis, and 2 grade III late pulmonary toxicities. Two toxic deaths occurred within 3 months after treatment: fatal hemoptysis (1) and complications of esophageal toxicity (1). Five other deaths that occurred within one year after treatment were probably treatment-related: lung abscess (1), fatal hemoptysis (2), death from undetermined cause (2). Median overall survival was 38 months (95%CI:27–49), median progression free survival was 25 months (95%CI:14–36). Conclusions Survival rates are encouraging, but the observed rate of toxic and probably toxic deaths is of potential concern. We proceed with the use of AHRT with concomitant full dose CHT, but patients with large PTV and major vascular abutment are excluded due to potentially increased risk of toxic death.