Impedance spectroscopy of water in comparison with high dilutions of lithium chloride

Comparative analyses of impedance measurements carried out on high dilutions of LiCl and reference water, in the frequency range of 1 kHz⩽f⩽13 MHz, revealed distinct differences that could not be explained by external contamination during sample production. To model the experi­mental data, an equivalent resistor–capacitor circuit was considered and the results corroborated the differences between the impedance values of the 15c LiCl dilutions and the corresponding reference water for a given lot of specimen samples. The formation of clusters of water during each stage of the dynamisation process could, perhaps, be proposed as an explanation for the observed differences.