Evaluation of hyperglycemia

Abstract The most common cause of hyperglycemia is diabetes mellitus, which has become a worldwide epidemic. This chapter concerns the definition, diagnosis, causes, and evaluation of hyperglycemia, diabetes, and related conditions (e.g., the metabolic syndrome). Emphasis is placed on the broad causes of diabetes that range from the common conditions of type 1 and type 2 diabetes to the emerging field of monogenic diabetes. The reader is referred to the second edition of this textbook for an extensive discussion of the metabolic syndrome although the salient clinical features of the metabolic syndrome are described in this chapter.