A large high-density lipoprotein enriched in apolipoprotein C-I: a novel biochemical marker in infants of lower birth weight and younger gestational age.
2005
ContextLow birth weight is associated with increased cardiovascular disease
in adulthood, and differences in the molecular weight, composition, and quantity
of lipoprotein subclasses are associated with coronary artery disease.ObjectiveTo determine if there are novel patterns of lipoprotein heterogeneity
in low-birth-weight infants.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective study at a US medical center of a representative sample
of infants (n = 163; 70 white and 93 black) born at 28 or more weeks
of gestational age between January 3, 2000, and September 27, 2000. This sample
constituted 20% of all infants born during the study period at this site.Main Outcome MeasuresPlasma levels and particle sizes of lipoprotein subclasses and plasma
concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins (high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and
low-density lipoprotein [LDL]), and apolipoproteins.ResultsAn elevated lipoprotein peak of a particle with density between 1.062
and 1.072 g/mL was identified using physical-chemical methods. This subclass
of large HDL was enriched in apolipoprotein C-I (apo C-I). Based on the amount
of the apo C-I–enriched HDL peak, 156 infants were assigned to 1 of
4 groups: 0 (none detected), 17%; 1 (possibly present), 41%; 2 (probably present),
22%; 3 (elevated), 19%. Infants in group 3, compared with those in the other
3 groups, had significantly (P<.001) lower mean
birth weight (2683.7 vs 3307.1 g) and younger mean gestational age (36.2 vs
39.3 wk). After correction for age, infants in group 3 had significantly higher
levels of total and large HDL cholesterol and of total and large LDL cholesterol
and LDL particle number. However, infants in group 3 had lower levels of small
HDL, very low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides than infants in the
other 3 groups. This lipoprotein profile differed from that in infants born
small for gestational age, who had significantly higher triglyceride (P<.001) and apo B (P = .04)
levels, but lower levels of total and large HDL cholesterol (P<.001) and apo A-I (P<.001).ConclusionsBecause apo C-I–enriched HDL, and purified apo C-I alone, promotes
apoptosis in vitro, increased amounts of this particle may have physiological
significance and identify a novel group of low-birth-weight infants apparently
distinct from traditionally classified small-for-gestational-age infants.
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