Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of arterioureteral fistula: The urologist’s perspective

Introduction Arterioureteral fistula (AUF) is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease which primarily arises as a long-term complication in oncological patients who have permanent ureteric stenting. The incidence is rising. The objective of this study was to outline the risk factors for, management and outcome of AUF in a large individual case series. Patients and methods 26 AUF cases in 24 patients from six German tertiary referral centres occurring between 2008 and 2016 were identified retrospectively and entered into a dedicated database using patient notes and out-patient visits. Results 23/24 patients had a history of abdominopelvic surgery for oncological disease. 21/24 had undergone radiotherapy. 23/24 had long-term ureteric stenting. All cases presented with visible haematuria, 11/26 at the time of a stent exchange. 92.3 % required blood transfusions, 46.2 % needed i.v. inotropes. 11/26 had flank pain. CT angiogram was positive in 35.7 %. 88.5 % underwent angiography and endovascular fistu...