Clinical, echocardiographic and advanced imaging characteristics of 13 dogs with systemic-to-pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas

Abstract Objectives The objective is to describe the clinical, radiographic, echocardiographic and angiographic findings in dogs with systemic-to-pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (SPAVF). Animals Thirteen medical records of client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of SPAVF were reviewed/analysed. Methods This is a retrospective study of case records. Thoracic radiography, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), three-dimensional TEE, intracardiac echocardiography, fluoroscopy-guided or computed tomography (CT) angiography were carried out. Results Based on the TTE, SPAVF was identified in seven of the included dogs. In eight cases, TEE and angiography were both performed and confirmed the diagnosis. Computed tomography angiography was performed in three dogs. A case was diagnosed by TEE alone, another one by three-dimensional TEE and the latter by intracardiac echocardiography. Conclusions Transthoracic echocardiography identified seven cases of SPAVF, while definitive diagnosis in the remaining dogs required selective angiography or computed tomography angiography.