Growth Factor Engineering for Biomaterials

Growth factors (GFs) are important for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because of their interactions with cells and the extracellular matrix. Immobilization of GFs on a matrix is one way to control cell behavior. This review focuses on GF immobilization from the standpoint of chemical immobilization and design of GF proteins. In addition, the total design of environmental factors surrounding cells is discussed for future development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.