Out-of-step protection with AI methods

In the paper the results of investigations on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) methods to the out-of-step (OS) protection of synchronous machines are presented. The main efforts have been focused on development of new artificial neural network (ANN) based and mixed protection techniques which should ensure better (faster and more secure) detection of generator loss of synchronism. The designed AI-based OS protection schemes have been thoroughly optimised and tested with EMTP-generated case signals. Wide robustness analysis as well as comparison with chosen standard OS detection method have also been performed.